This cell is unique because it consists of many cells together. I noticed that they often form chains of cells. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes like other bacteria. These cells are autotrophic, because they carry out photosynthesis.
Wednesday, October 19, 2016
Cyanobacteria
This cell is unique because it consists of many cells together. I noticed that they often form chains of cells. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes like other bacteria. These cells are autotrophic, because they carry out photosynthesis.
Bacteria Cells
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| Power: 400x These bacteria cells are unique because they come in several shapes and sizes. Something I observed is that the bacteria cells are extremely small compared to the other cells. The bacteria are prokaryotic because they do not have any organelles or a nucleus. They are heterotrophs because they don't make their energy, but instead get energy from other organisms. |
Monday, October 17, 2016
Spirogyra
Power: 400x
This cell is unique because most of the cell is taken up by the central vacuole, pushing all of the organelles to the outside. I noticed that the cell is very long and skinny. This cell is a eukaryote, because you can see organelles like the nucleus and chloroplasts. It is autotrophic because it has chloroplasts and makes its own energy through photosynthesis.
Ligustrum Plant Cells
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| Power: 400x This organism is unique because in this view you can see several different types of cells. I observed that the inner cells that do the photosynthesis are greener because they contain more chloroplasts than the outer epidermis cells. These cells are eukaryotes, because they have nuclei and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast. These cells are also autotrophs, because they make their own energy using photosynthesis. |
Thursday, October 13, 2016
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
The power used on the microscope to take this photo was 400x.
This cell is unique because unlike many other cells it has multiple nuclei in each cell. I observed that each cell is very long and tube-like. This muscle cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus and organelles. It is heterotrophic because it gets its energy from other organisms.
Tuesday, October 11, 2016
Egg Diffusion Lab
Looking at the class data, the mass and circumference of the egg increased when placed in the deionized water and decreased when placed the sugar water. The change occurred because of the solution's attempt at balancing the concentration of macromolecules in and out of the egg. The egg contains large amounts of solute compared to the deionized water solvent. Water than diffused into the egg to make the concentrations of solute equal, causing the egg to enlarge. When placed in the sugar water there was a higher concentration of solute outside of the egg, so the solvent, water, diffused out of the egg to balance out the concentration. The result was a deflated looking egg with a lowered mass and circumference.
A cells interior environment can change as its exterior environment changes. This could be to maintain homeostasis, or internal conditions of an organism. When the cell was put in vinegar first, and then water, and then either deionized water or sugar water. This caused the egg to diffuse water many times, either in or out of the cell.
This lab was all about the scientific principle of diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is a cell letting molecules in and out of the membrane. It demonstrates this by showing how water can move in and out of a cell when the environments between them vary.
Fresh vegetables are sprinkled with water so they will absorb that water making it more juicy and to preserve freshness. Roads are salted to melt ice, but causes plants on roadsides to dry up. They dry up because their is a higher concentration of salt outside the plant, so it will loose water to try and balance out that concentration.
Another experiment that could be made based off this experiment and what we learned, could be an experiment about molecules diffusing across a cell membrane. The previous experiment was about how water diffuses across the membrane, so this experiment will teach us about how molecules diffuse.
A cells interior environment can change as its exterior environment changes. This could be to maintain homeostasis, or internal conditions of an organism. When the cell was put in vinegar first, and then water, and then either deionized water or sugar water. This caused the egg to diffuse water many times, either in or out of the cell.
This lab was all about the scientific principle of diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is a cell letting molecules in and out of the membrane. It demonstrates this by showing how water can move in and out of a cell when the environments between them vary.
Fresh vegetables are sprinkled with water so they will absorb that water making it more juicy and to preserve freshness. Roads are salted to melt ice, but causes plants on roadsides to dry up. They dry up because their is a higher concentration of salt outside the plant, so it will loose water to try and balance out that concentration.
Another experiment that could be made based off this experiment and what we learned, could be an experiment about molecules diffusing across a cell membrane. The previous experiment was about how water diffuses across the membrane, so this experiment will teach us about how molecules diffuse.
Friday, October 7, 2016
Egg Cell Macromolecules Lab
In this lab we asked the question of what macromolecules would be present in different parts of a egg cell. We tested for the macromolecules, protein, monosaccharide carbohydrates, polysaccharide carbohydrates and lipids.
The presence of lipids was tested on an egg membrane and were found to be abundant. The data showed the abundance of lipids because when the membrane was exposed to chemicals, the chemical had an immense color change. This would make sense because the cell membrane is mostly made of lipids.
In the protein test, proteins were found to be prominent in the egg white of the egg cell. When exposed to the chemical that identifies protein presence, the chemical changed color rapidly, indicating that many proteins were present in the egg white. This is logical because the cytoplasm/egg white of a cell is made of proteins to be used as structure, and a food source.
When the egg yolk was tested for macromolecules, the most common macromolecules were monosaccharides. When tested with the chemical the chemical changed from blue to orange, signifying that large amounts of monosaccharide sugars were found in that portion of the egg. It would make sense that sugar would be found in the yolk, because the yolk is where the embryo develops and the sugars provide energy and food.
All but one of the evidences supported our claims. We claimed that proteins would be the most common in egg whites and that lipids would be found in the membrane, but did not hypothesis that the yolk would contain lots of monosaccharides.
While our data largely supported or hypothesis, some errors may have taken place in the procedure. It is possible that some of the transfer pipettes and spoons could have been mixed with different substances while carrying out the procedure. Also, a different person judged each test, possibly skewing results with differing opinions of scaling the color change. These could have caused the data to be invalid, because of inconsistency. To reduce possible errors in future experiments, we can try to be careful of mixing substances and have one person to be the judge of all the chemicals so the data will be consistent.
This lab was preformed to demonstrate where the macromolecules we studied are found in a cell and to deeper the understanding of how they work and what they do. In class we learned about the different types of macromolecules and what they do, and this lab showed how they were present in a cell and why they were in different parts of the cell. This lab taught me how I should carry out a procedure in a lab, because this lab was very messy and that could have been fixed by being more careful. Also, we took to long on the lab and the cleanup process took to long. In the future I will be more focused on doing labs as quickly and efficiently as possible.
The presence of lipids was tested on an egg membrane and were found to be abundant. The data showed the abundance of lipids because when the membrane was exposed to chemicals, the chemical had an immense color change. This would make sense because the cell membrane is mostly made of lipids.
In the protein test, proteins were found to be prominent in the egg white of the egg cell. When exposed to the chemical that identifies protein presence, the chemical changed color rapidly, indicating that many proteins were present in the egg white. This is logical because the cytoplasm/egg white of a cell is made of proteins to be used as structure, and a food source.
When the egg yolk was tested for macromolecules, the most common macromolecules were monosaccharides. When tested with the chemical the chemical changed from blue to orange, signifying that large amounts of monosaccharide sugars were found in that portion of the egg. It would make sense that sugar would be found in the yolk, because the yolk is where the embryo develops and the sugars provide energy and food.
All but one of the evidences supported our claims. We claimed that proteins would be the most common in egg whites and that lipids would be found in the membrane, but did not hypothesis that the yolk would contain lots of monosaccharides.
While our data largely supported or hypothesis, some errors may have taken place in the procedure. It is possible that some of the transfer pipettes and spoons could have been mixed with different substances while carrying out the procedure. Also, a different person judged each test, possibly skewing results with differing opinions of scaling the color change. These could have caused the data to be invalid, because of inconsistency. To reduce possible errors in future experiments, we can try to be careful of mixing substances and have one person to be the judge of all the chemicals so the data will be consistent.
This lab was preformed to demonstrate where the macromolecules we studied are found in a cell and to deeper the understanding of how they work and what they do. In class we learned about the different types of macromolecules and what they do, and this lab showed how they were present in a cell and why they were in different parts of the cell. This lab taught me how I should carry out a procedure in a lab, because this lab was very messy and that could have been fixed by being more careful. Also, we took to long on the lab and the cleanup process took to long. In the future I will be more focused on doing labs as quickly and efficiently as possible.
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